Oh, no! Vacation is over and I have to go back to work tomorrow morning. That means if I don’t write up the last two days of my summer lessons now, they’ll likely get buried in the onslaught of quotidien concerns that no doubt are currently overflowing my corporate Inbox (I’m afraid to look …).
Thursday’s course with Léo was a bit non-standard – quite literally. French teachers, dictionaries, and linguistic theorists pay a fair amount of attention to the idea of linguistic register. Some subsets of a language are only “appropriate” to use in certain situations which are typically characterized by their degree of formality. There are dozens of recognized subsets (see the International Organization for Standardization’s ISO/TR 20694:2018(en) A typology of language registers if you’re a real glutton for punishment), but the main three that figure in French are soutenu, standard, and familier:
- Soutenu is the language of high literary texts, academic scholarship, and legal documents. It has a rich vocabulary, flowery figures of speech, and complex grammatical constructions.
- Standard is the language of business documents, office conversation, banking, government publications, newspapers, non-fiction books, traditional classrooms. It uses clear wording, simpler grammar, and unimaginative language.
- Familier is the language used with friends and family. It is rich with popular idioms, truncated words, incomplete sentences, slang, and sarcasm.
Thursday we left standard behind and focused on the other two.
Soutenu (mais Insupportable!)
To illustrate soutenu, Léonard had me read an ironic blog post by Samuel Gontier about the resignation of Nicolas Hulot. The piece comments on a rather tangled situation, with which by some unlikely coincidence I was already very familiar. Nicolas Hulot is a writer, journalist, and politician who is very well known in France as one of the foremost advocates of environmental and ecological issues. When Emmanuel Macron was elected president in 2017, Hulot agreed to serve as his “Minister for Ecological Transition and Solidarity”. This was intended as a signal that Macron was serious about addressing environmental issues, and the French Greens had high hopes that such a high profile appointment would translate into real progress.
It so happens that I was in France in August 2018, fifteen months later, when I tuned into France Inter’s regular morning radio news broadcast. As I got ready for my day, I heard Nicolas Hulot appear as the guest in the daily interview slot with hosts Nicolas Demorand and Léa Salamé. After complaining about the Macron government’s foot-dragging or even retrograde progress on the environment, Nicolas Hulot said he was not satisfied and felt like he was being used as a fig leaf. At that point Mme Salamé asked “Will you stay?”, and the minister replied by announcing his resignation on the spot, on live radio. Apparently neither the hosts nor the French President knew that this action was coming, and both were taken as much by surprise as the listening public.
But not me – I wasn’t all that surprised. Not that I had an inside track on anything, I just had no preconceptions. Maybe French Ministers resign live on air all the time? Maybe the whole thing was planned in advance and the hosts were in on it? Maybe the writing was on the wall and any knowledgable follower of French politics knew this was coming (just as nobody could have been surprised when scandal plagued Andrew Cuomo resigned as New York Governor last week – though Hulot’s case did not involve any scandals). What did I know?
But it turns out that this was a big deal. My French host had also heard the broadcast and thought it remarkable. So did other news outlets, and the story was all over the news for several days. “Environmental champion resigns, preserves his integrity, blasts Macron” was the basic headline. Next, however, France Inter started patting itself on the back mightily for being the messenger in this drama. Léa Salamé rehashed the moment in the next morning’s show (I heard that one, too), and later sat for an interview (which I also heard) with another member of the station who did an “On the Media” style introspection on how the moment came to be, what it meant for live radio journalism, what special rapport the three participants shared in the making of history.
All of this was a bit too precious for media critic Samuel Gontier. He skewered all this self-congratulatory pretentiousness with a faux-serious piece of his own. It was so full of soutenu constructions that my teacher Léo could use it as atlas of literary figures of speech. Many of them have names that come directly from Greek, and so are cognate with the comparable terms in English rhetoric. The devices we discussed were myriad: la gradation, l’hyperbole, l’euphémisme, la litote, l’anaphore, l’énumération, le parallélisme, la répétition, l’allégorie, la comparaison, la métaphore, la personnifcation, la métonymie, la périphrase, la synecdoque, l’antithèse, le chiasme, l’oxymore, l’ellipse, l’épiphonème. I don’t know that it was all that valuable to remind myself of the names of each technique, but it was fun to locate examples of many in the text. Not sure how much fun it would have been had I not known all the context deeply.
Familier (… or Hiéfamil ? )
After all that high dudgeon it was time for something more casual. A lot more casual. We looked at two aspects of the familier register: verlan (neologisms made by inverting syllables within a word) and colorful idioms.
I was already fairly familiar with verlan as a concept, but I learned several things about its history from the video. There was also an example of the French rail company trying and utterly failing to use verlan in an ad-campaign, rewriting «C’est possible» as «C’est blessipo». This did not go over well: turns out corporations making neologisms is not cool. It reminds me of a failed attempt by Google to introduce the availability of “stickers” in its messaging app by sending users a text saying that “Stickers are lit”. I had no idea what “lit” meant, but it turns out that’s what the cool kids were saying at the time. Since Google was far from being a cool kid at that point, the campaign fell totally flat. I’m pretty sure my hiéfamil is equally clunky.
Finally, we looked at a standard article about Grant Wood’s famous painting and then a familier comedy video parodying same. The figures come to life and give each other grief for their expressions (the literal once on their face, not the idiomatic ones in their mouths). Even if you can’t understand the French, it’s fun to watch how well the actors recreated the poses of the painting. Give it a play!
